Integrated evaluation of targeted and non-targeted therapies in a network meta-analysis

Individualized therapies for patients with biomarkers are moving more and more into the focus of research interest when developing new treatments. Hereby, the term individualized (or targeted) therapy denotes a treatment specifically developed for biomarker-positive patients. A network meta-analysis model for a binary endpoint combining the evidence for a targeted therapy from individual patient data with the evidence for a non-targeted therapy from aggregate data is presented and investigated. The biomarker status of the patients is either available at patient-level in individual patient data or at study-level in aggregate data. Both types of biomarker information have to be included. The evidence synthesis model follows a Bayesian approach and applies a meta-regression to the studies with aggregate data. In a simulation study, we address three treatment arms, one of them investigating a targeted therapy. The bias and the root-mean-square error of the treatment effect estimate for the subgroup of biomarker-positive patients based on studies with aggregate data are investigated. Thereby, the meta-regression approach is compared to approaches applying alternative solutions. The regression approach has a surprisingly small bias even in the presence of few studies. By contrast, the root-mean-square error is relatively greater. An illustrative example is provided demonstrating implementation of the presented network meta-analysis model in a clinical setting.     

The results of a close follow-up of trainees to gain a good blood collection practice

BackgroundPhlebotomy is one of the most important steps in the preanalytical phase of a clinical laboratory process. In order to decrease phlebotomy errors, this specific procedure should be taught in detail by laboratory organizations. Our study aims to practice the training program on venous blood sampling and observe the close follow-up results.MethodsIn this observational study, 127 students who started their summer internship in Antalya Education and Research Hospital were given a one-day theoretical phlebotomy training in accordance with the Venous Blood Sampling Guidelines. After the theoretical training, phlebotomy applications of 10 students who were working in the field of out-patient blood sampling were observed both with and without their knowledge. A comprehensive checklist related to phlebotomy was created by the trainers in Antalya Education and Research Hospital and the observers answered each question as yes or no. For the statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used.ResultsAfter the theoretical education, the trainees were observed but no significant difference was found between the first and the second informed observations (p = 0.125). The students were observed three times more in the following week without their knowledge. There was a statistically significant difference between the first and the third unannounced observations (p=0.001).ConclusionsIn order to perform phlebotomy correctly, apart from theoretical education, a close follow-up is necessary too.     

CRP、PCT、WBC联合检测对中老年社区获得性肺炎的诊断效果

目的:研究C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)以及白细胞(White blood cell,WBC)联合检测对中老年社区获得性肺炎患者的诊断效果。方法:选择2018年1月～2019年1月我院收治的76例中老年社区获得性肺炎患者为观察组,同期在我院体检中心选取30例健康体检者为对照组。检测两组研究对象的CRP、PCT及WBC水平。采取肺炎严重程度CURB-65评分将观察组的76例患者分为低危组(n=63例),CURB-65评分3分,以及高危组(n=13例),CURB-65评分≥3分;依照观察组的转归情况分为存活组(n=70例)以及死亡组(n=6例),比较观察组和对照组患者,低危组和高危组患者,存活组和死亡组患者的CRP、PCT及WBC水平的差异。结果:观察组患者的CRP、PCT及WBC水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);高危组患者的CRP、PCT水平明显高于低危组患者(P0.05),而WBC水平两组无明显差异(P0.05);死亡组患者的CRP、PCT水平明显高于存活组患者(P0.05),而WBC水平两组无明显差异(P0.05)。经Pearson相关分析发现,CURB-65评分与PCT、CRP均呈明显的正相关(t=0.532,0.497,P均0.05)。结论:CRP、PCT以及联合检测可以为中老年社区获得性肺炎的诊断提供有利的信息,且CRP、PCT与患者的病情严重程度有一定的相关性。     

不同内固定方式治疗老年踝关节骨折的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨老年踝关节骨折患者的内固定方式的选择情况及不同内固定方式的疗效,进而指导临床医师根据患者的具体情况选择合适的内固定方式。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取我院2016年1月~2018年12月期间收治的老年踝关节骨折患者40例作为研究对象,统计患者一般情况,内容包括骨折块情况、骨折类型、骨质疏松情况、软组织情况与体质。术后随访12个月,评价所有患者末次随访时的踝关节跖屈度、踝关节背伸度、美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝-后足功能评分,记录所有患者的骨折愈合时间。结果：40例研究对象中,使用克氏针张力带11例,Herbert螺钉10例,解剖锁定钢板7例,解剖复合钢板6例,1/3管型钢板6例。骨折块较小、外踝撕脱性骨折的患者主要应用克氏针张力带;伴有骨质疏松的患者主要应用解剖锁定钢板;软组织条件不佳或受损的患者主要应用Herbert螺钉或1/3管型钢板;超重或肥胖患者主要应用解剖复合钢板;瘦弱患者主要应用1/3管型钢板。末次随访时,5种内固定方式患者的踝关节背伸度、踝关节跖屈度、AOFAS踝-后足功能评分比较未见显著性差异（P＞0.05）。5种内固定方式的骨折愈合时间对比差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：老年踝关节骨折应根据患者具体情况选择合理的内固定方式,不同内固定方式患者的骨折愈合时间虽存在差异,但最终均可获得较为满意的疗效。     

七氟烷复合麻醉对老年骨科患者术后早期认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨七氟烷复合麻醉对老年骨科患者术后早期认知功能的影响。方法：选择2017年12月~2019年6月在西安医学院第二附属医院（本院）骨科诊治单侧老年全膝关节置换手术患者112例,随机数字表法分为七氟烷组与对照组,各56例。对照组给予常规静脉注射全身麻醉,在此基础上七氟烷组给予七氟烷吸入麻醉,记录与调查两组术后早期认知功能。结果：经过对比,两组手术时间、术中出血量对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而七氟烷组的术后苏醒时间(7.10±0.22)min、拔管时间(8.65±0.46)min等都显著短于对照组(14.09±1.09)min、(18.76±1.44)min,两组对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患者在T1、T2、T3与T4时间点的心率和血氧饱和度均表现正常,对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。七氟烷组术后1 d、术后14 d的血清白介素(Interleukin,IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α值显著低于对照组,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05),且两组术后14 d的血清IL-6与TNF-α值均显著低于术后1 d (P<0.05)。术后1个月七氟烷组的认知功能障碍发生率为1.8 %（1/56）,显著低于对照组的12.5 %（7/56）,两组间对比有统计学意义(x²=4.846,P=0.028)。结论：七氟烷复合麻醉在老年骨科患者中的应用能促进患者康复,安全性比较好,能抑制炎症因子的释放,从而减少术后早期认知功能障碍的发生。     

髓内固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究髓内固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者关节功能的影响。方法：选取2016年9月~2019年9月我院收治的股骨转子间骨折的老年患者80例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组,每组各40例。对照组患者采用Gamma钉进行治疗,观察组患者采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗。比较两组患者的围术期相关指标、骨折愈合时间、Harris评分、临床治疗效果及并发症的发生情况。结果：观察组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间及骨折愈合时间均显著少于或短于对照组(P＜0.05)。术前,两组患者的Harris评分比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);术后6个月及术后12个月,两组患者的Harris评分均较术前显著升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组患者的治疗优良率为92.50 %,显著高于对照组(75.00 %,P＜0.05)。两组患者深静脉血栓、感染、褥疮、固定松动、股骨头坏死及严重疼痛的发生率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论：股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折效果明显优于Gamma钉治疗,可有效缩短骨折愈合时间,提高髋关节功能。     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:比较分析腹腔镜和开腹结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的临床疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:根据随机数字表法,将64例老年局部进展期结肠癌患者随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组各32例,分别接受腹腔镜、开腹结肠癌根治术治疗。比较两组手术相关指标、手术前后免疫功能变化、术后近远期并发症的发生情况及预后。结果:与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间明显延长,而术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间则明显缩短(P<0.05)。两组淋巴结清扫数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,腹腔镜组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值均明显高于开腹组(P<0.05),且与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者术后切口感染的发生率明显降低(P<0.05),两组其他近期并发症如吻合口瘘、吻合口出血,远期并发症如黏连性肠梗阻、切口疝的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组与开腹组术后2年的局部复发率、1年和2年生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌患者的临床疗效和预后相当,但腹腔镜手术对患者的免疫功能影响更小,且安全性更高。     

Ventilation response to CO2 and exercise-induced hypoxaemia in master athletes

Exercise-induced hypoxaemia (EIH) in master athletes may be related to a diminished exercise hyper- pnoea. The aim of this study was to determine whether EIH is associated with a change in the sensitivity of the ventilation response to activation of the central chemoreceptors. The ventilation response to CO₂ was measured in nine elderly untrained men (UT) [mean age 66.3 (SEM 3.1) years] and nine master athletes (MA) [mean age 62.7 (SEM 0.8) years] at rest, during moderate exercise (40% maximal oxygen uptake, V˙O_2max), and during strenuous exercise (70% V˙O_2max) using the rebreathing method. Our results showed that the ventilation response to CO₂ did not differ with endurance training and/or exercise, that the threshold of the CO₂ response (Th) increased with exercise (P < 0.001), that the increase in Th in MA was higher than in UT between rest and moderate exercise [ΔTh_0–40: 8.55 (SEM 1.8) vs 3.06 (SEM 1.72) mmHg, P < 0.05], and that ΔTh_0–40 and Th during moderate exercise were negatively correlated with arterial O₂ saturation during maximal exercise (r = 0.50, P<0.05). We concluded therefore that exercise-induced hypoxaemia in master athletes may not be due to a lower ventilation response to CO₂, but may be partly related to a greater increase in Th during moderate exercise. Accepted: 18 August 1997     

El significado de las relaciones sociales como mecanismo para mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de las personas mayores,desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar

Introduction

This study presents an analysis on the effects of positive social relationships as determining factors on the health status of the elderly, from an interdisciplinary point of view.